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Country of Origin Labeling (COOL)
Overview
Under the Tariff Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. §§ 1202-1681b, nearly every item imported into the United States must indicate to the ultimate purchaser its country of origin. Many imported agricultural products are either exempted from coverage of the Act or are deemed to have undergone sufficient additional manufacturing or processing so that they become products of the United States and therefore do not require labeling. The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-171 § 10816, 116 Stat. 134, 533-35, amends the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, 7 U.S.C. §§ 1621-1637b (amendments to be codified at 7 U.S.C. §§ 1638-1638d), to require retail level country of origin labeling (COOL) for shellfish, peanuts, fruits, vegetables, and various meats. This change will inform consumers at the final point of sale of a covered commodity's origins.
Read the full overview
Note: Recently added resources are posted at the top of the applicable sections.
Major Statutes
Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946, 7 U.S.C. §§ 1621-1638d
COOL Provisions, 7 U.S.C. §§ 1638-1638d
Tariff Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. §§ 1202-1681b
Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2004, 7 U.S.C. §§ 1638d
Regulations
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS)
Country of Origin Labeling- Final Rule (1/15/09), 7 C.F.R. pts. 60 and 65
Country of Origin Labeling of Beef, Pork, Lamb, Chicken, Goat Meat, Perishable Agricultural Commodities,
Macadamia Nuts, Pecans, Peanuts, and Ginseng, 7 C.F.R. pt. 65
Country of Origin Labeling for Fish and Shellfish, 7 C.F.R. pt. 60
Waters of the US Appendix, 7 C.F.R. pt. 60, Subpt. A, App. A
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)
Mandatory COOL Regulations- Affirmation of Interim Rule (3/20/09), 9 C.F.R. pts. 317 and 381
Imported Products Labeling Regulations, 9 C.F.R. §§ 327.14-327.15
Imported Poultry Products Labeling Regulations, 9 C.F.R. §§ 381.204-381.206
United States Bureau of Customs and Border Protection Country of Origin Marking Regulations,
19 C.F.R. §§ 134.0-134.55
Federal Register Rules Open for Comment
Center published Federal Register Digest
Case Law
Case Law Index for Country of Origin Labeling (Cool)
Center Research Publications
State-Level Catfish Labeling Laws (Springsteen, 2008)
Congressional Research Service Reports
CRS Subject(s):
International Agriculture/Trade Issues
Commodities
Animal Agriculture
Agricultural Law Bibliography
Introduction | Keyword Search | Browse Categories
Legal publications on Country of Origin Labeling:
Aquaculture
International Trade
Reference Resources
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS)
Country of Origin Labeling
Guidance Documents
Summary of Changes: from the Interim Final Rules (7 CFR Part 60 and Part 65) to the Final Rule
Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) Frequently Asked Questions
Final Rule PowerPoint Presentation (March 2009)
Supplier Brochure
Training Materials for Retailers
Labeling Options
Abbreviations Guidance
COOL Consumer Information
COOL Customs and Border Protection Rulings
Economic Research Service (ERS)
Country of Origin Labeling
Country-of-Origin Labeling: Theory and Observation (Krissoff et al., 2004)
Congressional Resources
Country of Origin Labeling (Government Accountability Office, GAO)
Other Federal Resources
FDA/ORA Compliance Policy Guides, Sec. 560.200 Country of Origin Labeling (CPG 7119.02)
(Updated 2005)
Publications
Understanding How the Country of Origin Labeling Program Affects Farmers (FLAG, 2009)
The Country of Origin Labeling Program: A Snapshot of How the Program Affects Farmers (FLAG, 2009)
COOL: A Guide for Louisiana Cattle Producers (LSU, 2009)
Country of Origin Labeling: How Cool is it? (U. FL, 2008)
Economist: Benefits of Country of Origin Labeling Not Quite Clear (OSU, 2008)
Hot Topics Relating to Livestock and Forages: COOL (U. AR, 2007)
Country-of-Origin Labeling and the Beef Industry (Anderson & Capps, 2004)
Country of Origin Labeling: A Legal and Economic Analysis (International Agricultural
Trade and Policy Center, VanSickle et al., 2003)
Country of Origin Labeling (McEowen, 2003)
Additional Resources
Country of Origin Labeling Posts (United States Agricultural & Food Law and Policy Blog)
Country of Origin Labeling from A to Z (American Meat Institute)
Country of Origin Labeling: It's Time to Start Keeping Records (U. NE)
Country of Origin Labeling (AgMRC, IA St. U.)
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