Marketing Orders
Overview
Marketing orders and agreements are legal instruments issued by the USDA Secretary that are designed to stabilize market conditions for certain agricultural commodities. Marketing orders regulate the interstate or foreign commerce of those commodities. Read the full overview.
Note: Recently added resources are posted at the top of the applicable sections.
Major Statutes
Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act – Ch. 26 Agricultural Adjustment, 7 U.S.C. §§ 601-659
Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act – Ch. 26A Agricultural Marketing Agreements, 7 U.S.C. §§ 671-674
Regulations
Marketing Agreements and Orders: Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts 7 C.F.R. §§ 900-999
Marketing Agreements and Orders; Milk 7 C.F.R. §§ 1000-1199
Marketing Agreements and Orders: Miscellaneous Commodities, 7 C.F.R. §§ 1200-1299
Electronic Code of Federal Regulations: Agriculture
Case Law
Case Law Index for Marketing Orders
Administrative Law Decisions
Office of Administrative Law Judges
USDA National Appeals Division
Center published USDA Judicial Officer’s Decisions
Congressional Research Service Reports
Reports– published and made available by CRS beginning in 2017
Subjects– published by CRS and made available by NALC until 2018:
Commodities
Fruits, Vegetables, and Other Specialty Crops: Selected Federal Programs
Agricultural Law Bibliography
Introduction | Keyword Search | Browse Categories
Legal publications on Marketing Orders :
Fruits and Vegetables – Perishable Agricultural Commodities
Reference Resources
Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS)
Commodities Covered By Marketing Orders
Almonds
Apricots
Avocados
Cherries
Citrus
Cranberries
Dates
Grapes
Hazelnuts
Kiwifruit
Olives
Onions
Idaho-Eastern Oregon
South Texas
Vidalia
Walla Walla
Pears
Pecans
Pistachios
Plums/Prunes
Potatoes
Idaho-E. Oregon
Washington
Colorado
Raisins
Spearmint Oil
Tomatoes
Walnuts
Fruit, Vegetables & Specialty Crop Marketing Orders and Agreements
Commodity Procurement
Small Business Guide to Marketing Orders
Specialty Crop Marketing Orders & Agreements
How to Create a Marketing Order
Marketing Order Forms
Dairy Programs
Federal Milk Marketing Orders
Federal Milk Marketing Order National Hearings
Federal Milk Marketing Orders Petitions
Federal Milk Marketing Order Statistics
Map of Federal Milk Marketing Order Areas
Map of Federal Milk Marketing Order Class I Price Structure
Marketing Order Manual
Organic Regulations
Economic Research Service (ERS)
Dairy Policy Overview
Farm and Commodity Policy Overview
Fruit and Tree Nut Policy Overview
Vegetables and Pulses Policy Overview
Organic Agriculture Overview
Federal Marketing Orders and Federal Research and Promotion
Food Availability and Consumption
Congressional Resources
Milk Marketing Orders: Option for Change (GAO, 1988)
The Role of Marketing Orders in Establishing and Maintaining Orderly Market Conditions (GAO, 1985)
Analysis of Certain Aspects of the California-Arizona Naval Orange Marketing Order (GAO, 1981)
Marketing Order Program — An Assessment of Its Effect on Selected Commodities (GAO, 1976)
Administration of Marketing Orders for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables (GAO, 1974)
Other Federal Resources
Marketing Order Statistics- Price formulas 2019
Guideline for Agricultural Marketing Service Oversight of Commodity Research and Promotion Programs
Federal Milk Marketing Order Administrator Offices
Federal Milk Marketing Order 1 – Northeast
Federal Milk Marketing Order 5 – Appalachian
Federal Milk Marketing Orders 6 & 7 – Florida and Southeast
Federal Milk Marketing Order 30 – Upper Midwest
Federal Milk Marketing Order 32 – Central
Federal Milk Marketing Order 33 – Mideast
Federal Milk Marketing Order 51 – California
Federal Milk Marketing Order 126 – Southwest
Federal Milk Marketing Orders 124 & 131 – Pacific Northwest & Arizona
Additional Resources
Navigating Federal Milk Marketing Orders: Administrative Actions, U.S. Code, and Ex Parte Communication (Polzin)
Milk Marketing Order Statistics
Marketing Orders Posts (Ag & Food Law Blog)
California Department of Food and Agriculture Marketing Act
California Department of Food and Agriculture: Marketing Orders, Agreements, Councils and Commission Laws
Colorado Department of Agriculture: Marketing Orders
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services: Agricultural Marketing Orders FAQ
New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets: Marketing Order Administration
Utah Department of Agriculture and Food: Commodity Marketing Orders
Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection: Agricultural Marketing Boards
Federal Regulations Open for Comment
Publications
Federal Milk Marketing Orders: An Overview (CRS, 2022)
Reporting Out-of-Grade Lots Under Marketing Orders at Shipping Point (USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, 2017)
An introduction to federal marketing orders (Thornsbury et. al, 2011)
Impacts of NASS Nonfat Dry Milk on Price and Sales Volume Revisions on Federal Order Prices (USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, 2007)
Effects of Milk Marketing Order Regulation on the Share of Fluid-Grade Milk in the United States (Balagtas et al., 2007)
Milk Marketing Orders: Winners and Losers (Chouinard et. al, 2005)
Milk Marketing Orders and Sanitation Regulation: Re-evaluating Marketing Orders’ Welfare Effects (Balagtas and Sumner, 2004)
Marketing Order Impact on the Organic Sector: Almonds, Kiwifruit, and Winter Pears (Carman et. al, 2004)
Do U.S. marketing orders have much market power? An examination of the Almond Board of California (Crespi and Chacón-Cascante, 2004)
Milk Pricing in the United States (Blayney and Manchester, 2001)
Marketing Orders and Brand Promotion… Got Lawyers? (Crespi and Sexton, 2001)
Programs: Background for 1995 Farm Legislation (Neff and Plato, 1995)
Federal Marketing Orders: Their History and Purpose (Halloran, 1994)
Fruit and Vegetable Marketing Orders in the United States, 1937-1987, a Review (French, 1988)
Guidelines for Fruit, Vegetable, & Specialty Crop Marketing Orders (USDA, 1982)