Regulation & Requirements for Grain Dealers
A grain dealer, someone who is in the business of buying, receiving, exchanging, or storing grain from the grower, is regulated very differently from state to state. In some places, the state does not regulate the business at all, while in others, regulation includes everything from licensing to bonding, from statutory liens to state auditing of the dealer’s books. The following compilation outlines statutory requirements affecting grain dealers that are in place throughout the United States.
These compilations are only an aid to research. State courts and federal courts, including bankruptcy courts, have interpreted and continue to interpret these statutes. Further, this publication does not include case annotations, which a researcher must consult to thoroughly understand any particular statute. As such, these charts are intended for use solely as an educational tool and research aid, and not as a substitute for individual legal advice.
For each state, the first column of the chart includes a reference and link to the text of the relevant chapter(s). At the top of each chapter, the code sections relevant to the topics at the head of the following columns are linked to the specific language at issue. This compilation was last updated in November, 2024.
To review the sister compilation addressing regulation requirements for grain warehouses, please click here.
| Relevant Sections | Specific Provisions | ||||||||
| Licensing | Bonding | Auditing | Indemnity Fund | Failure/Liquidation | Prompt Payment | Penalties | Lien | ||
| Alabama | Ala. Code Tit. 2, Ch. 31 | Ala. Code §§2-31-3; 7; 9; 11 to 13 | Ala. Code §§2-31-4 to 5; 8 | Ala. Code §2-31-10 | Ala. Code §§2-31-17 to 19 | ||||
| Alaska | Not Regulated | ||||||||
| Arizona | Not Regulated | ||||||||
| Arkansas | Ark. Code Ann. Tit. 2, Ch. 24 | Ark. Code Ann. §§2-24-104; 105 | Ark. Code Ann. §2-24-106 | Ark. Code Ann. §2-24-107 | Ark. Code Ann. §2-24-110 | Ark. Code Ann. §§2-24-108; 109 | |||
| California | Cal. Food & Agric. Div. 20, Ch. 7, Art. 1-20 | Cal. Food & Agric. §§ 56133.5; 56181 to 56194; 56252.2 to 56253; 56301 | Cal. Food & Agric. §§ 56133.5; 56189.5 | Cal. Food & Agric. §§ 56255; 56381 to 56383; 56441 to 56442 | Cal. Food & Agric. §§56302 to 56302.5 | Cal. Food & Agric. §§ 56134; 56441 to 56447; 56501 to 56503; 56602 to 56623; 56631 to 56639; 56651 to 56652 | |||
| Colorado | Colo. Rev. Stat. Tit. 35, Art. 36 | Colo. Rev. Stat. §§35-36-302 to 303; 305 to 306 | Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 35-36-304 (language is different); 312; 313 | Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 35-36-305; 308; 309 | Colo. Rev. Stat. §§ 35-36-104 to 106 | ||||
| Connecticut | Not Regulated | ||||||||
| Delaware | Del. Code Ann. Tit. 3, Part 2, Ch. 25 | Del. Code Ann. tit.3, §§ 2502 to 2504; 2506; 2510 | Del. Code Ann. tit.3, §§ 2504 to 2505 | Del. Code Ann. tit.3, §§ 2508 to 2509 | Del. Code Ann. tit.3, §§ 2510 to 2511 | ||||
| Florida | Fla. Stat. Tit. XXXV, Ch. 604 | Fla. Stat. §§ 604.17 to .19; .25 | Fla. Stat. §§ 604.19 to .21; .33 | Fla. Stat. §§ 604.22 to .23 | Fla. Stat. § 604.34 | Fla. Stat. § 604.30 | |||
| Georgia | GA. Code Ann. Ch. 9, Art. 2; GA. Code Ann. Ch. 4, Art. 1 | GA. Code Ann. §§ 2-9-31 to 34; 36 to 37 | GA. Code Ann. §§ 2-9-34 to 35 | GA. Code Ann. §§ 2-9-40 to 41 | GA. Code Ann. §§ 2-9-43; 45 | ||||
| Hawaii | Haw. Rev. Stat. tit. 11, Ch. 145 | Haw. Rev. Stat. § 145-2; 10 | Haw. Rev. Stat. § 145-4 | Haw. Rev. Stat. § 145-3; 5; 9 | Haw. Rev. Stat. § 145-6 | Haw. Rev. Stat. § 145-10; 12; 13 | |||
| Idaho | Idaho Code Ann. Tit. 45, Ch. 18; Idaho Code Ann. Tit. 69, Ch. 2 & 5 | Idaho Code. Ann. §§ 69-503 to 504; 507 to 509; 519 | Idaho Code. Ann. §§ 69-503; 506; 522; 206(7) | Idaho Code. Ann. §§ 69-511; 514 to 515 | Idaho Code. Ann. §§ 69-211; 256 to 261; 262 to 264; 266 to 267 | Idaho Code. Ann. § 69-510 | Idaho Code. Ann. §§ 69-512 to 513 | Idaho Code. Ann. §§ 45-1802 to 1810 | |
| Illinois | 240 Il. Comp Stat Act 40 | 240 Il. Comp. Stat. 40/5-5 to 35; 40/10-5 to 25; 40/15-5 to 45; 40/35-5 | 240 Il. Comp. Stat. 40/1-15(2); 40/5-25(a)(4); 40/10-5(c); 40/10-10 | 240 Il. Comp. Stat. 40/5-30; 40/30-5 to 25 | 240 Il. Comp. Stat. 40/20-5; 40/20-15 to 25 | 240 Il. Comp. Stat. 40/15-45 | 240 Il. Comp. Stat. 40/20 – 10 | ||
| Indiana | Ind. Code Ann. Art. 3, Ch. 7; Ind. Code Ann. Art. 4, Ch. 1-8 | Ind. Code Ann. 26-3-7-4 to 4.1; 6 to 6.1; 7 to 8.5; 17.1 to 18; 29; 35 | Ind. Code Ann. 26-3-7-9 to 10; 13 to 14; 16.5 | Ind. Code Ann. 26-3-7-3(a)(1); 3(a)(5) to (6); 16.5(a); 28 | Ind. Code Ann. 26-4-4-2 to 3; 8 to 9; Ind. Code Ann. 26-4-5-1 to 2; Ind. Code Ann. 26-4-6-1 to 8; Ind. Code Ann. 26-4-7-2 to 3 | Ind. Code Ann. 26-3-7-32; 34 | Ind. Code Ann. 26-3-7-16.8 | ||
| Iowa | Iowa Code Ch. 203; Iowa Code Ch. 203D | Iowa Code §§ 203.1 to .10; .12; .15; 203D.1 to .4 | Iowa Code §§ 203.1 to .2; .3; .15;.19 | Iowa Code §§ 203.2; .9; .22 | Iowa Code §§ 203D.1; .7 | Iowa Code § 203.12b | Iowa Code § 203.8; .15 | Iowa Code §§ 203.11 to .11a | Iowa Code § 203.12b |
| Kansas | Not Regulated | ||||||||
| Kentucky | KY. Rev. Stat. Ann. Tit. XXI, Ch. 251; KY. Rev. Stat. Ann. Tit. XXIX, Ch. 263 | KY. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 251.430 to .440; .470; .710 to .720 | KY. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 251.451; .720 | KY. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 251.480 to .500; .640; .730 | KY. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 251.640 to .680 | KY. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 251.990; 363.991 | |||
| Louisiana | La. Rev. Stat. Ann. Title 3, Chapter 21 | La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 3:3405; 3408; 3411 to 3412 | La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 3:3409 | La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 3:3405(B) to 3406; 3413; 3419 | La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 3:3412.1 | La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 3:3407 | La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 3:3414.1 to .2; .4 | La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 3:3406; 3414.4; 3424 | |
| Maine | ME. Rev. Stat. Ann. Tit. 7, Part 2, Ch. 101, Sub-Ch. 2A | ME. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 7 §§ 454 to 455; 457 | ME. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 7 §§ 455; 459 | ME. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 7 § 456 | ME. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 7 § 460 | ||||
| Maryland | MD. Code Ann., Agric., Tit. 13; Sub-Tit. 2 | MD. Code Ann., Agric. §§ 13-203; 208 to 210 | MD. Code Ann., Agric. § 13-212 | MD. Code Ann., Agric. § 13-204 | MD. Code Ann., Agric. §§ 13-214 to 216 | ||||
| Massachusetts | Not Regulated | ||||||||
| Michigan | Mich. Comp. Laws Ch. 285 | Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 285.63 to .70; .77; .82 | Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 285.63; .88 | Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 285.63(6); .73; .75 to .76; .82 | Mich. Comp. Laws § 285.72 | Mich. Comp. Laws § 285.86A | Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 285.83 to .85 | Mich. Comp. Laws § 285.86a | |
| Minnesota | Minn. Stat. Ch. 223 | Minn. Stat. § 223.17; 223.28 | Minn. Stat. § 223.17; 223.28 | Minn. Stat. §§ 223.177(8); 223.23 | Minn. Stat. §§ 223.24 to .26 | Minn. Stat. § 223.17 | Minn. Stat. § 223.27 | ||
| Mississippi | Miss. Code Ann. Title 75, Ch. 45, Art. 7 | Miss. Code Ann. §§ 75-45-304; 307 to 309 | Miss. Code Ann. §§ 75-45-305; 311 | Miss. Code Ann. § 75-45-309 | Miss. Code Ann. § 75-45-311 | Miss. Code Ann. § 75-45-315 | |||
| Missouri | Mo. Rev. Stat. Ch. 276 | Mo. Rev. Stat. §§ 276.406 to .423; .451 to .456; .491 to .496; .506 to.511; .531; .571; .582 | Mo. Rev. Stat. §§ 276.421; .426 to .441; .576 to .581 | Mo. Rev. Stat. §§ 276.422 to .423; .471 to .476; .481 | Mo. Rev. Stat. § 276.501 | Mo. Rev. Stat. § 276.461 | Mo. Rev. Stat. §§ 276.406; .421; .486; .501; .536; .582 | ||
| Montana | Mont. Code Ann. Tit. 80, Ch. 4, Part 4; Mont. Code Ann. Tit. 80, Ch. 4, Part 6 | Mont. Code Ann. §§ 80-4-404; 406; 421; Mont. Code Ann. §§ 80-4-601 to 603; 605 | Mont. Code Ann. §§ 80-4-405; 425; Mont. Code Ann. § 80-4-604; 612; 614 | Mont. Code Ann. §§ 80-4-407 to 410; 606; 613 | Mont. Code Ann. §§ 80-4-416; 419; Mont. Code Ann. § 80-4-612 | Mont. Code Ann. § 80-4-422; Mont. Code Ann. §§ 80-4-607 to 608 | Mont. Code Ann. §§ 80-4-426 to 429; 612 | Mont. Code Ann. § 80-4-420 | |
| Nebraska | Neb. Rev. Stat. Ch. 75, Art. 9 | Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 75-903 to 903.02 | Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 75-903(2); 905 to 906 | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 75-907.01 | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 75-905 | Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 75-908 to 910 | |||
| Nevada | Nev. Rev. Stat. tit. 50, Ch. 576 | Nev. Rev. Stat. §§ 576.020 to .037; 576.048 to .105; 576.120 to .121 | Nev. Rev. Stat. § 576.040 | Nev. Rev. Stat. § 576.123; 125(2) | Nev. Rev. Stat. § 576.045 | Nev. Rev. Stat. § 576.125(3) | Nev. Rev. Stat. § 576.125(4); 150 | ||
| New Hampshire | Not Regulated | ||||||||
| New Jersey | N.J. Rev. Stat. tit. 4, Ch. 11, Art. 2 | N.J. Rev. Stat. §§ 4:11-18 to 27; 31 to 33 | N.J. Rev. Stat. § 4:11-20 | N.J. Rev. Stat. § 4:11-30 | N.J. Rev. Stat. §§ 4:11-28 to 29 | N.J. Rev. Stat. §§ 4:11-34 to 34.1 | |||
| New Mexico | N.M. Stat. Ann. Ch. 76, Art. 15 | N.M. Stat. Ann. §§ 76-15-14 to 15 | N.M. Stat. Ann. §§ 76-15-14 to 15; 21 | N.M. Stat. Ann. § 76-15-16 | N.M. Stat. Ann. §§ 76-15-19 to 20 | ||||
| New York | N.Y. A.G.M. Law ch. 69, art. 20 | N.Y. A.G.M. Law §§ 248 to 249; 250-C; 250-h | N.Y. A.G.M. Law §§ 248; 250; 250-g | N.Y. A.G.M. Law § 247 | N.Y. A.G.M. Law § 250 | N.Y. A.G.M. Law §§ 245; 246; 250-b | N.Y. A.G.M. Law § 250-J | ||
| North Carolina | N.C. Gen. Stat. Ch. 106, Art. 53 | N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 106-602 to 604; 606 to 607; 610 to 611 | N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 106-604 to 605 | N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 106-609; 612 | N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 106-614 to 615 | ||||
| North Dakota | N.D. Cent. Code Ch 4.1-59 | N.D. Cent. Code §§ 4.1-59-06 to 08; 12 | N.D. Cent. Code §§ 4.1-59-09 to 11; 22 to 23; 26 to 29 | N.D. Cent. Code §§ 4.1-59-02; 04; 16 to 17 | N.D. Cent. Code §§ 4.1-59-03; 21; 22; 25 to 29 | N.D. Cent. Code §§ 4.1-59-08; 17; 34 | |||
| Ohio | Ohio Rev. Code Ann. Ch. 926 | Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §§ 926.04 to .102; .12 to .13; .27 | Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §§ 926.02; .11 | Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §§ 926.16 to .18 | Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §§ 926.14 to .141 | Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §§ 926.03; .15; .99 | Ohio Rev. Code Ann. § 926.021 | ||
| Oklahoma | Not Regulated | ||||||||
| Oregon | OR. Rev. Stat. Ann. Tit. 47, Ch. 578; OR. Rev. Stat. Ann. Tit. 47, Ch. 576 | OR. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 578.110 | OR. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 578.190; .251; 576.351 | OR. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 576.705 | OR. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 578.255; .260; .990 | ||||
| Pennsylvania | Not Regulated | ||||||||
| Rhode Island | Not Regulated | ||||||||
| South Carolina | S.C. Code Ann. Tit. 46, Ch. 40; S.C. Code Ann. Tit. 46, Ch. 41, Art. 1; S.C. Code Ann. Tit. 46, Ch. 41, Art. 2; S.C. Code Ann. Tit.46, Ch. 42 | S.C. Code Ann. §§ 46-41-40 to 50; 120 to 130 | S.C. Code Ann. §§ 46-41-60 to 70 | S.C. Code Ann. §§ 46-41-90 to 100; 240; S.C. Code Ann. §46-42-50 | S.C. Code Ann. §46-40-10; 40 to 100; S.C. Code Ann. §46-41-220 to 230; 250 | S.C. Code Ann. §46-41-30; 170; S.C. Code Ann. §46-41-240; S.C. Code Ann. §46-42-80 | |||
| South Dakota | S.D. Codified Laws Ch. 49-45 | S.D. Codified Laws §§ 49-45-1; 3; 6 to 8; 16; 19; 28 | S.D. Codified Laws §§ 49-45-6; 9 to 9.1; 17 | S.D. Codified Laws §§ 49-45-10.1; 13; 14; 18; 23; 26 | S.D. Codified Laws § 49-45-16 | S.D. Codified Laws §§ 49-45-9; 13.1; 14; 22; 25 to 27 | |||
| Tennessee | Tenn. Code Ann. Ch. 32 | Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 43-32-103; 105; 107; 109 | Tenn. Code Ann. § 43-32-106 | Tenn. Code Ann. § 43-32-107 | Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 43-32-202 to 213 | Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 43-32-108; 211 | Tenn. Code Ann. § 43-32-109 | ||
| Texas | Tex. Agric. Code Ann. Ch. 41 | Tex. Agric. Code Ann. §§ 41.206 to.211; .214 | |||||||
| Utah | Not Regulated | ||||||||
| Vermont | Not Regulated | ||||||||
| Virginia | VA. Code Ann. Tit. 3.2; Sub-Tit. III; Ch. 47; Art. 4 | VA. Code Ann. §§ 3.2-4754 to 4755; 4760 to 4761 | VA. Code Ann. §§ 3.2-4755 to 4757 | VA. Code Ann. §§ 3.2-4759; 4762 | VA. Code Ann. § 3.2-4763 | ||||
| Washington | Wash. Rev. Code Ann. Ch. 22.09 | Wash. Rev. Code Ann. §§ 22.09.035; .045; .055 to .080 | Wash. Rev. Code Ann. §§ 22.09.060, .090 to .100; .381; .570 to .615 | Wash. Rev. Code Ann. §§ 22.09.020; .180; .200; .340 to .345 | Wash. Rev. Code Ann. §§ 22.09.405 to .471 | Wash. Rev. Code Ann. § 22.09.391 | Wash. Rev. Code Ann. §§ 22.09.620 to .630 | Wash. Rev. Code Ann. §§ 22.09.870; .890 to .895 | Wash. Rev. Code Ann. §§ 22.09.371; .391 |
| West Virginia | W.VA. Code Ann. Ch. 19, Art. 3 | W.VA. Code Ann. §§ 19-3-1; 3 | W.VA. Code Ann. §19-3-2; 4 | W.VA. Code Ann. §19-3-5 | |||||
| Wisconsin | Wis. Stat. Ch. 126, Sub-Tit. 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 | Wis. Stat. §126.11 | Wis. Stat. §§ 126.06; .16; .73 | Wis. Stat. §§ 126.13; .17 | Wis. Stat. §§ 126.05; .14 to .15; .18 | Wis. Stat. §126.85 to .87 | |||
| Wyoming | Wyo. Stat. Ann. Tit. 29, Ch. 8 | Wyo. Stat. Ann. §§ 29-8-102 to 108 | |||||||