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Animal Identification
Overview
An animal identification system traces the whereabouts and movement of certain animals. While government officials and private industry had been working on the issue prior to the discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in late 2003, USDA announced that it would expedite its efforts in the wake of the discovery. On April 27, 2004 then-Secretary Veneman announced a framework for the implementation of the system called the National Animal Identification System ("NAIS") that was developed with the collaboration of USDA, private industry, and state animal health officials and is largely based on earlier work done with the United States Animal Identification Plan. More recently, Secretary Vilsack conducted a series of listening sessions on the issue, specifically focusing on cost, impact on small farmers, privacy and confidentiality, and liability. Read the full overview.
Note: Recently added resources are posted at the top of the applicable sections.
Major Statutes
The Animal Health Protection Act, 7 U.S.C. §§ 8301- 8317
Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. §§ 552
Uniform Commercial Code, Article 2 - Sales
Compilation of States' Animal Identification Statutes
Regulations
Regulations Pertaining to the Movement of Livestock, 9 C.F.R. pts. 71 to 89
Federal Register Rules Open for Comment
Center published Federal Register Digest
Case Law
Case Law Index for Animal Identification
Center Research Publications
Legal Issues in Animal Agriculture: Medication, Identification and Accommodations (E. Rumley)
Compilation of States' Animal Identification Statutes (E. Rumley, 2010)
Confidentiality and Liability Under the National Animal Identification System - PowerPoint Presentation
(Springsteen, 2009)
Approaching Liability with Animal Identification (Pendergrass, 2007)
A Comparison of International Animal Identification Programs (Pendergrass, 2007)
Varying State Approaches to Confidentiality with Premises and Animal Identification Systems
(Pendergrass, 2007)
State Identification Statutes: Confidentiality Provisions Relating to Animal and Premises Identification
(Pendergrass, 2007)
Animal Identification and the Next Farm Bill (O'Brien, 2006)
Legal Issues in Developing a Plan for Animal Identification (Roberts and Pittman, 2004)
Animal Identification: Liability Exposure and Risk Management (Roberts and O'Brien, 2004)
Animal Identification: Confidentiality of Information (Roberts and O'Brien, 2004)
Congressional Research Service Reports
CRS Subject(s):
Animal Agriculture
Agricultural Law Bibliography
Introduction | Keyword Search | Browse Categories
Legal publications on Animal Identification:
Animals - Animal Rights
Farmer-Processor Bargaining - Production Contracts
Livestock and Packers & Stockyards
Sustainable and Organic Farming
Reference Resources
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)
Animal Disease Traceability
Questions and Answers: New Animal Disease Traceability Framework
Integration of Private and State Animal Tracking Databases with the NAIS: Interim/Development Phase (2006)
NAIS Draft Program Standards: A Discussion Document (2005)
Questions and Answers on the National Animal Identification System
The National Animal Identification System (NAIS): Why Animal Identification? Why Now? What First? (2004)
National Agricultural Library (NAL)
Pathogen Detection and Monitoring: A Focus on Animal Electronic Identification (FSRIO - Food Safety
Research Information Office)
Pathogen Detection and Monitoring: Product Tracing (Foodborne Illness Center)
Congressional Resources
Development of a National Animal Identification Plan (U.S. House Agriculture Committee
Hearings, March 5, July 22, and August 17, 2004)
Development of a National Animal Identification Plan (U.S. House Agriculture Subcommittee
Hearing, March 4, 2004)
To Review Animal Identification Systems (U.S. House Agriculture Committee Meeting, March 11, 2009)
on Livestock, Dairy and Poultry, March 11, 2009)
NAIS: USDA Needs to Resolve Several Key Implementation Issues to Achieve Rapid and Effective Disease
Traceback (GAO, 2007)
International Resources
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
General Principles on Identification and Traceability of Live Animals
(Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Ch. 4.1)
Design and Implementation of Identification Systems to Achieve Animal Traceability
(Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Ch. 4.2)
Australia: National Livestock Identification System
United Kingdom:
Livestock Movements, Identification and Tracing for Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Pigs, Deer and Horses
(Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, UK)
Wales: Farm Animal Tracing and Identification
Northern Ireland: Animal Identification, Registration and Movement
Scotland: Livestock Identification and Traceability
Japan: Beef Traceability and Individual Identification of Cattle
Canada:
National Livestock Identification for Dairy
Sheep Identification Program
PigTrace Canada: Canadian Swine Traceability System
Canadian Cattle Identification Agency
New Zealand: Animal Identification and Tracing
Argentina: Integrated Animal Health Management System
European Union: Identification
Additional Resources
Animal Identification Posts (United States Agricultural & Food Law and Policy Blog)
U.S. Cattle Identification Systems (Western Extension Marketing Committee, Livestock Marketing Information Center)
Animal Identification (National Institute for Animal Agriculture)
United States Animal Health Association
Animal Traceability and Identification (American Veterinary Medical Association - AVMA)
Sheep Identification Working Group (American Sheep Institute)
Equine Species Working Group
NAIS and Horses: The Facts Surrounding the National Animal Identification System
and the Horse Industry in the U.S. (2nd ed., 2007)
Glossary of Electronic Animal Identification Terms (Beef Stocker USA)
Wisconsin Livestock Identification Consortium
Mandatory Cattle Identification Program Q & A
Indiana Board of Animal Health: Premise ID
Publications
Review of Selected Cattle Identification and Tracing Systems Worldwide (MAF Biosecurity New Zealand, 2009)
Review: Animal Identification Systems in North America (Murphy et al., 2008)
Review: Identification and Traceability of Cattle in Selected Countries Outside of North America (Bowling et al., 2008)
Review: Sheep Traceability Systems in Selected Countries Outside of North America (Bass et al., 2008)
Review: Swine Traceability Systems in Selected Countries Outside of North America (Meisinger et al., 2008)
Lessons Learned from the Canadian Cattle Industry: National Animal Identification and the Mad Cow
(Midwest Agribusiness Trade Research and Information Center, Lawrence et al., 2003)
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